ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: The foramen transversarium in the transverse process is the characteristic feature for cervical vertebrae and distinguish it from other vertebrae. It transmits the vertebral artery, vertebral vein and sympathetic nerves. These foramina show variations in its size, shape and number. The present study was done to find out the incidence of accessory foramen transversarium and compare it with other study. Methodology: A total 150 dried cervical vertebrae were observed macroscopically for accessory foramen transversarium in the department of anatomy. Results: Out of 150 vertebrae, accessory foramen transversarium was found in 41(27.33%) vertebrae. Among 41 vertebrae unilateral accessory foramen transversarium was found in 27(18%) vertebrae and bilateral was found in 14(9.33%) vertebrae. Conclusion: The knowledge of accessory foramen transversarium is useful for spine surgeons in surgery around cervical vertebrae. It helps radiologists in interpretation of computed tomogram and magnetic resonance image scans. It is also helpful for anatomist, anthropologist and clinicians.
ABSTRACT
Background: The brachial artery begins as the continuation of 3rd part of axillary artery at the distal border of teres major muscle. It terminates about a centimetre below the elbow joint at the level of neck of radius into radial and ulnar arteries. Context & purpose of study: The present study was done on 30 cadavers in department of anatomy to find out any variations in division pattern of the brachial artery. Results: Variations were found in two cadavers. An unusual short segment of the brachial artery which divide at middle of arm was found in right upper limb of one cadaver. There was a high origin of the radial artery from axillary artery found in right upper limb of one cadaver. The variations can be explained on the basis of embryological development. conclusions: The knowledge of branching pattern of brachial artery is useful for physicians, surgeons, nephrologists, radiologist and interventionist in various surgical procedures and also for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.